Martinus Nijhoff Online

 Making Peoples Heard: Essays on Human Rights in Honour of Gudmundur Alfredsson

Contents

• • Preliminary Material (i-xxx)   (6M)
    • Jump to section:
    • Table Of Contents
    • Foreword By Asbjørn Eide, Jakob Th. Möller And Ineta Ziemele
    • A Tribute To Dr Guðmundur Alfreðsson From The President Of Iceland By Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
    • Heiðurskveðja Til Dr. Guðmundar Alfreðssonar Frá Forseta Íslands By Ólafi Ragnari Grímssyni
    • Islands Of Independence: Gudmundur Alfredsson And Human Rights Capacity Development By Jonas Grimheden And Rolf Ring
  • Milestones In The Development Of International Humanitarian Law (1-14) by Daniel Thürer   (163K)
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    • 1. Solferino: A Worldwide Legal Experiment Is Launched
    • 2. The Geneva Conventions – One Step In Developing The Law
    • 3. Adapting To The Changing Nature Of Armed Conflict
    • 4. Prospects
    • 5. Ceterum Censeo
  • Post-War American International Law Scepticism: The International Criminal Court, Stockholm 1924 (15-26) by Mark Weston Janis   (148K)
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    • 1. The International Law Association
    • 2. The 1924 Debate
    • 3. The Draft Statute Over Time
    • 4. American Post-War Scepticism
  • Peace As A Human Right: The Jus Cogens Prohibition Of Aggression (27-42) by Alfred De Zayas   (181K)
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    • 1. Statute Of The International Criminal Court
    • 2. Definition According To General Assembly Resolution 3314
    • 3. Impunity, People’s Tribunals
    • 4. Justifications For The Use Of Force
    • 5. A Human Right To Peace
    • 6. Conclusion
  • The Human Right To Peace (43-58) by William A. Schabas   (177K)
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    • 1. The ‘Peoples’ Right To Peace’
    • 2. The ‘Human Right To Peace’
    • 3. The Debate About Aggression
    • 4. Jus Ad Bellum And Jus In Bello
    • 5. Conclusions
  • Security And Human Rights In The Regulation Of Private Military Companies: The Role Of The Home State (59-78) by Francesco Francioni   (177K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Definition And Context
    • 3. The Boundaries Of The Home State Responsibility
    • 4. The Imputability Of PMSCs’ Acts To The Home State
    • 5. Conduct Of PMSCs ‘Exercising Elements Of Governmental Authority’: Article 5 ILC Draft
    • 6. PMSCs’ Acts Performed On Instruction Of, Or Under The Direction Or Control Of The Home State
    • 7. The Responsibility To Protect And The Export Of Military And Security Services
    • 8. The Duty To Provide Access To Court And Judicial Protection
    • 9. Procedural Obligations: Inter-State Cooperation
    • 10. Conclusion
  • What Makes Democracy Good? (79-98) by Lyal S. Sunga   (182K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Democracy And The Rule Of Law – Narrower And Broader Interpretations
    • 3. The Rise And Influence Of International Human Rights Law On Democracy And The Rule Of Law
    • 4. Post Cold War Focus On Normative Interdependence Among Democracy, Human Rights And The Rule Of Law
    • 5. Concrete Measures To Protect And Strengthen Democracy, Human Rights And The Rule Of Law
  • Is The United Nations Human Rights Council Living Up To The International Community’s Expectations? (99-114) by Markus G. Schmidt   (171K)
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    • 1. Membership
    • 2. Universal Periodic Review
    • 3. Responses To Country Situations
    • 4. The Special Procedures System
    • 5. Complaint Procedure
    • 6. Human Rights Council Advisory Committee
    • 7. Conclusion
  • The UN Human Rights Council: The Perennial Struggle Between Realism And Idealism (115-134) by Bertrand G. Ramcharan   (180K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Six Pillars Of Human Rights Protection
    • 3. The Mission Of The Human Rights Council
    • 4. Performance To Date
    • 5. Inherent Structural Contradictions
    • 6. Results Of The Inherent Contradictions
    • 7. What’s To Be Done
    • 8. Conclusion
  • Eight UN Petitions Procedures: A Comparative Analysis (135-158) by Jakob Th. Möller   (207K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. An Overview Of The Procedures
    • 3. Entry Into Force, Withdrawal Or Denunciation
    • 4. Other Issues Of A General Nature
    • 5. Progressive Evolution Of Admissibility Criteria
    • 6. Follow-Up To Decisions On The Merits
  • The Legal Status Of Views Adopted By The Human Rights Committee – From Genesis To Adoption Of General Comment No. 33 (159-166) by Geir Ulfstein   (131K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Draft General Comment No. 33
    • 3. Comments By States And NGOs
    • 4. General Comment No. 33 As Adopted
    • 5. Conclusions
  • Winter Break 2010: A Week In The Life Of A Special Rapporteur (167-178) by Martin Scheinin   (144K)
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    • 1. Thursday 21 January
    • 2. Friday 22 January
    • 3. Saturday 23 January
    • 4. Sunday 24 January
    • 5. Monday 25 January
    • 6. Tuesday 26 January
    • 7. Wednesday 27 January
  • Legal And Judicial Shortcomings Of The Surrogate State Of “Unmikistan” (179-196) by Margrét Heinreksdóttir   (180K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Establishment And Pillars Of UNMIK
    • 3. The Establishment And Structure Of OIK
    • 4. The Legislative Power Of UNMIK
    • 5. The Immunity Of UNMIK
    • 6. Various Legal Problems
    • 7. The Weakness Of The Judiciary
    • 8. Final Words
  • The Right To Inclusive Education For Children With Disabilities – Innovations In The CRPD (197-228) by Oddný Mjöll Arnardóttir   (252K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Persons With Disabilities And The Right To Education
    • 3. The Concept Of Inclusive Education
    • 4. The Right To Inclusive Education Under Article 24 CRPD
    • 5. Conclusions
  • The Council Of Europe: A Champion In Monitoring Implementation Of Human Rights Standards? (229-242) by Petter F. Wille   (152K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. A Variety Of Commitments And Obligations
    • 3. The Parliamentary Assembly
    • 4. The Court
    • 5. The Secretary General
    • 6. The Committee Of Ministers
    • 7. The Commissioner For Human Rights
    • 8. Treaty Monitoring Mechanisms
    • 9. Conclusions
  • Flexibilising The Modes Of Amending The European Convention On Human Rights: An Idea For A ‘Statute’ For The European Court (243-270) by Krzysztof Drzewicki   (235K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Background Of The Concept Of A Statute
    • 3. Evolving From The Philosophy Of Changes Towards The Change Of Philosophy
    • 4. Possible Solution – A Three-Level System Of The Legal Bases
    • 5. The Post-Protocol 14 Reforms
    • 6. Critical Observations On The Report Of The Group Of Wise Persons
    • 7. Official Reactions To The Report Of The Group Of Wise Persons
    • 8. Approaching Strategic Decision-Making – Interlaken Process
    • 9. Conclusions
  • Strengthening Of The Principle Of Subsidiarity Of The European Convention On Human Rights (271-292) by Björg Thorarensen   (202K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Origin And Purpose Of The Principle
    • 3. The Procedural/Functional Aspect Of Subsidiarity
    • 4. The Material / Substantive Aspect Of Subsidiarity In The Convention
    • 5. The Aim Of Protocol No. 14 To Strengthen Subsidiarity And Means To Reach That Goal
    • 6. Conclusion
  • Presumption Of Convention Compliance (293-304) by Davíð Þór Björgvinsson   (155K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Accession Of The EU To The ECHR System
    • 3. Different Dimension Of The Interplay Between The ECHR And The Community Legal Order
    • 4. The Bosphorus Airways Case
    • 5. Different Standards? The Minority View
    • 6. Some Reflections And Concluding Remarks
  • The Right To Adequate Judicial Reasoning (305-322) by Ragnar Aðalsteinsson   (186K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Fair Trial
    • 3. International Aspects
    • 4. European Constitutional Courts
    • 5. The Jurisprudence Of The European Court Of Human Rights
    • 6. Conclusions
  • Dialogue Between States And International Human Rights Monitoring Organs – Especially The European Commission Against Racism And Intolerance (323-340) by Lauri Hannikainen   (188K)
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    • 1. Treaty Bodies
    • 2. Other Human Rights Monitoring Organs
    • 3. European Commission Against Racism And Intolerance
    • 4. The Appendices Attached By Governments To ECRI’s Country Reports
    • 5. ECRI’s Third Report On Denmark And Denmark’s Strong Criticism
    • 6. Analysis
  • How Old Are You? Age Discrimination And EU Law (341-362) by Allan Rosas   (206K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Fundamental Rights In EU Law
    • 3. The Principle Of Non-Discrimination
    • 4. Age Discrimination In Union Law: General Considerations
    • 5. Examples From Case-Law
    • 6. Concluding Remarks
  • NHRIs In The European Union: Status Quo Vadis? (363-370) by Morten Kjærum and Jonas Grimheden   (144K)
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    • 1. The Paris Principles
    • 2. Status Quo – The Present Landscape
    • 3. Quo Vadis – The Future For Europe
    • 4. Conclusion
  • Selected Examples Of The Contemporary Practice Of The Inter-American System In Confronting Grave Violations Of Human Rights: United States And Colombia (371-386) by Diego Rodríguez-Pinzón   (178K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Brief Description Of The Inter-American Human Rights System
    • 3. Reporting On Terrorism And Human Rights After 9/11
    • 4. The Situation Of Colombia
    • 5. Conclusions
  • Prevention Of Discrimination, Protection Of Minorities, And The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples: Challenges And Choices (387-408) by Asbjørn Eide   (184K)
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    • 1. Introduction: Shared Concerns And Focus Of This Chapter
    • 2. Expanding The Law: From Individual Human Rights To The Collective Right Of Self-Determination
    • 3. Applications Of The Rights To Self-Determination And Resource Control For Indigenous Peoples
    • 4. Concluding Remarks
  • Minority Protection In The African System Of Human Rights (409-424) by Michelo Hansungule   (169K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Obstacles Towards Recognition Of Minorities In Africa
    • 3. MRG Training Of Minority Batwa Leaders And Experiences
    • 4. African Peer Review Mechanism And Batwa Minority
    • 5. South Africa’s Dilemma With The Khoi And San Minority People
    • 6. Land Dispossessions And Other Abuses
    • 7. Minorities Under The African Human Rights Architecture
    • 8. Conclusion
  • Indigenous Peoples On The International Scene: A Personal Reminiscence (425-438) by Lee Swepston   (158K)
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    • 1. Before The International System
    • 2. The Creation Of The International System
    • 3. The End Of The Colonial Mentality
    • 4. Indigenous And Tribal Peoples As From 1972
    • 5. Concluding Remarks
  • Indigenous Peoples And The Right To Development (439-462) by Rainer Hofmann and Juri Alistair Gauthier   (204K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Evolution And Legal Status Of The Right To Development
    • 3. The Substance Of The Right To Development
    • 4. Conclusion
  • Principal Problems Regarding Indigenous Land Rights And Recent Endeavours To Resolve Them (463-484) by Erica-Irene A. Daes   (200K)
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    • 1. The Concept Of ‘Indigenous’
    • 2. Importance Of Lands To Indigenous Peoples
    • 3. Doctrines Of Dispossession In International Law
    • 4. Contemporary Challenges
    • 5. Technical Difficulties With Land Claims
    • 6. Approaches To Restoring Territorial Rights
    • 7. Concluding Remarks
  • Traditional Knowledge Of Indigenous Peoples: Preserve Or Protect? – That’s The Question! (485-492) by Mpazi Sinjela   (138K)
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    • 1. Protection Of Traditional Knowledge
    • 2. Definitional Problems
    • 3. Traditional Knowledge
    • 4. Rush To Protect Traditional Knowledge
    • 5. Dependency On Traditional Medicine
    • 6. Cases Involving Biopiracy
    • 7. Search For Method And System Of Protection Of Traditional Knowledge
    • 8. Protection Of Traditional Knowledge – About Time?
    • 9. Conclusion
  • Redefining Sovereignty And Self-Determination Through A Declaration Of Sovereignty: The Inuit Way Of Defining The Parameters For Future Arctic Governance (493-508) by Timo Koivurova   (177K)
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    • 1. Arctic Ocean Coastal State Meeting And Reactions To It In The Arctic Council And The European Union
    • 2. The Reaction By The Inuit
    • 5. Concluding Note
  • Compliance With The Views Of The UN Human Rights Committee And The Judgments Of The European Court Of Human Rights In Iceland (509-536) by Gudrun Gauksdottir and Thordis Ingadottir   (222K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Iceland And International Law
    • 3. E Uropean Court Of Human Rights
    • 4. The International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights
    • 5. Conclusion
  • Átti skortur á lýðræðislegum stjórnarháttum þátt í nýafstöðnu bankahruni á Íslandi? (did Lack Of Democratic Governance Contribute To The Recent Collapse Of The Icelandic Banking System?) (537-562)   (216K)
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    • 1. Lýðræði og lýðræðislegir stjórnarhættir
    • 2. Hafa lýðræðislegir stjórnarhættir verið í heiðri hafðir á Íslandi?
    • 3. Lokaorð
    • Summary In English By Eiríkur Tómasson
    • Conclusion
  • “Only A Virtuous People Are Capable Of Freedom”: Constitutional Principles And Preceding Causes Of The Crash In Iceland (563-588) by Herdís Thorgeirsdóttir   (234K)
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    • 1. Thoughts On The Present Discontents In Iceland After The Crash
    • 2. Preceding Causes Of The Crash
    • 3. Constitutional Principles And Legal Positivism
    • 4. Malfunction Of The Separation Of Powers
    • 5. Is Iceland Turning Into A Semi-Presidential Power?
    • 6. The Integrity And Independence Of The Judiciary
    • 7. Popular Sovereignty And Guarantee Of Rights
    • 8. The Answer Is Blowin’ In The Wind (Revival Of Virtue)
  • The Constitutionalism Of The Republic Of Iceland And The Role And Status Of The President (589-598) by Ágúst Þór Árnason   (132K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Limited Conceptual Blueprint
    • 3. Republics In History
    • 4. The Constitutional Rule Of The Icelandic President
    • 5. Conclusion
  • The Hundred-Year Journey Of The Concept Of Human Rights In China (599-608) by Xu Xianming   (141K)
  • Article 17 Of China’s Regional National Autonomy Law: Its Implementation And Implications (609-626) by Maria Lundberg and Zhou Yong   (192K)
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    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Existing Normative Regularity Of Article 17 RNAL
    • 3. Basic Theoretical Perspectives And Conceptions Of The Institutional Approach
    • 4. Implementation And Implications Of Article 17 RNAL: An Institutional Approach
    • 5. Conclusion
  • Enforcement Of Economic, Social And Cultural Rights At National Level: The Indian Practice (627-646) by Manoj Kumar Sinha   (184K)
    • Jump to section:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Constitutional Regime
    • 3. Drafting Debate Of The Directive Principles Of State Policy
    • 4. Principles Of Governance Under The Directive Principles Of State Policy
    • 5. Directive Principles Of State Policy And International Obligations
    • 6. Implementation Mechanism At National Level
    • 7. Justiciability Of Fundamental Rights
    • 8. The Writs
    • 9. Access Of Public Interest Litigation
    • 10. Fundamental Rights Versus The Directive Principles Of State Policy
    • 11. Justiciability Of Economic, Social And Cultural Rights
    • 12. Role Of The National Human Rights Commission In Implementation Of Human Rights
    • 13. Conclusion