Martinus Nijhoff Online

 The Law of Occupation: Continuity and Change of International Humanitarian Law, and its Interaction with International Human Rights Law

Contenus

• • Preliminary material (i-xl)   (214K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • Contents
    • Preface
    • The List Of Abbreviations
    • Prolegomenon
  • The scope of application of the law of occupation (1-54)   (223K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Meaning Of Occupation And The Scope Of Application Ratione Materiae Of The Law Of Occupation
    • 3. The Scope Of Application Ratione Personae Of The Law Of Occupation
    • 4. The Scope Of Application Ratione Temporis Of The Law Of Occupation
    • 5. The Rules Concerning Postliminium
    • 6. Different Categories Of Occupation
    • 7. Basic Rules On The Law Of Belligerent Occupation
    • 8. The Exclusion Of Applicability Of The Law Of Occupation?
    • 9. Conclusion
  • Sources of the law of occupation (55-90)   (173K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Treaty Law
    • 3. Customary International Humanitarian Law
    • 4. The Fourth Geneva Convention As Customary International Law
    • 5. General Principles Of International Law
    • 6. Security Council Resolutions Adopted Under Chapter VII Of The Un Charter
    • 7. Conclusion
  • The legislative competence of the occupying power under Article 43 of the 1907 Hague Regulations (91-114)   (133K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. The Scope Of Legislative Power Under Article 43 Of The 1907 Hague Regulations
    • 2. The Origin Of Article 43 Of The 1907 Hague Regulations Articles 2 And 3 Of The Brussels Declaration Of 1874
    • 3. The Meaning Of The Expression Vie Publique
    • 4. The Meaning Of The Words Les Lois En Viguer
    • 5. The Obligation To Restore And Ensure Public Order And Civil Life
    • 6. Laws Enacted By Absent Sovereign
    • 7. Exceptions To Article 43 Of The 1907 Hague Regulations
    • 8. State Practice In Relation To Article 43 Of The 1907 Hague Regulations During The Two World Wars
    • 9. Abrogation Of Fascist Laws Under The Necessity Test
    • 10. Waiver Of Article 43 Of The 1907 Hague Regulations By A Subsequent Agreement?
    • 11. Conclusion
  • The legislative competence of the occupying power under the fourth Geneva Convention (115-136)   (123K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Article 64 Of Gciv And The Necessity Exceptions
    • 3. Th E Scope Of Legislative Power Of The Occupant Under Article 64 Of Gciv
    • 4. Th Ree Elements Of Necessity Under Article 64 Of Gciv
    • 5. Conclusion
  • The administrative and judicial structures in occupied territory (137-166)   (166K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Th E Administrative Structures In Occupied Territory
    • 3. Judicial Structures In Occupied Territory
    • 4. Occupation Courts
    • 5. Conclusion
  • Regulations of the economy in occupied territory (167-182)   (104K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction: Th E General Principle Of Good Administration Of The Economy
    • 2. Investments In Occupied Territory
    • 3. Public Finance
    • 4. Conclusion
  • The prohibition of the destruction of enemy-property in occupied territory (183-194)   (83K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. A Scorched Earth Policy
    • 3. Destruction Of Property And The Military Necessity Test
    • 4. Extensive Destruction And Appropriation Of Property As A Grave Breach Of Gciv
    • 5. Conclusion
  • The prohibition of the seizure and use of public property in occupied territory (195-216)   (126K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction: Th E Distinction Between Private And Public Property
    • 2. State Property
    • 3. Special Categories Of Property
    • 4. Exploitation Of Natural Resources
    • 5. Conclusion
  • Private property in occupied territory (217-238)   (127K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Prohibition Of Pillage
    • 3. Temporary Use Of Immovable Private Property
    • 4. Movable Private Property
    • 5. Expropriation
    • 6. Conclusion
  • The protection of cultural property in occupied territory (239-258)   (111K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Obligation To Assist, Preserve And Notify
    • 3. The Principle That All Seizure Or Destruction Of, Or Wilful Damage Done To, Institutions Dedicated To Religion, Charity, Education, The Arts And Sciences, Historic Monuments And Works Of Art And Science Is Prohibited
    • 4. The Obligation To Prohibit, Prevent And Stop Any Form Of Theft, Pillage Or Misappropriation Of, And Any Acts Of Vandalism Directed Against, Cultural Property Of Great Importance To The Cultural Heritage Of Every People
    • 5. The Prohibition On Requisitioning Cultural Property In Occupied Territory
    • 6. The Obligation To Prohibit And Prevent Illicit Export Of Cultural Property From Occupied Territory
    • 7. The Obligation To Return Cultural Property Exported From Occupied Territory
    • 8. The Obligations To Prohibit Or Prevent Archaeological Excavations In Occupied Territory
    • 9. The Obligations To Prohibit Or Prevent The Alterations To (Or The Change Of Use Of) Cultural Property In Occupied Territory
    • 10. The Prohibition Of Reprisal Against Cultural Property
    • 11. The Protection Of Cultural Property In Occupied Territory And War Crimes
    • 12. Conclusion
  • General principles governing the protection of fundamental rights in international humanitarian law (259-296)   (178K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Conferral Of Rights Upon Individual Persons Under Ihl Treaty-Based Rules
    • 3. General Principles Of Ihl Relating To The Protection Of Rights Of Individual Persons
    • 4. Th E Fourth Geneva Convention And The Protection Of Rights Of Individual Persons
    • 5. General Principles Of The Fourth Geneva Convention Relating To The Protection Of Fundamental Rights
    • 6. Derogation Under Article 5 Of Gciv
    • 7. The Specific Elaborations Of The Rights Of Humane Treatment
    • 8. Conclusion
  • Hostilities in occupied territory, protected persons, and participants in hostilities (297-326)   (150K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. The Threshold For Determining Hostilities In Occupied Territory
    • 2. The Definition Of Protected Persons And Civilians
    • 3. Combatants In Occupied Territories
    • 4. Unprivileged Belligerents In Occupied Territory
    • 5. Th E Concept Of Direct Participation In Hostilities
    • 6. Conclusion
  • Specifically prohibited acts in occupied territory (327-354)   (142K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Deportation Or Forcible Transfer Of Protected Persons
    • 3. Evacuation
    • 4. Free Movement Of Protected Persons
    • 5. Deportation Or Transfer By The Occupying Power Of Part Of Its Own Population Into The Occupied Territory
    • 6. Prohibition Of Forced Labour
    • 7. Conclusion
  • Economic, social and cultural rights in occupied territory (355-374)   (112K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Right To Adequate Working Conditions And The Prohibition On Causing Unemployment
    • 3. Rights To Food And Medical Supplies, And Other Humanitarian Relief Supplies
    • 4. The Requirement Of Respecting And Protecting Humanitarian Relief Personnel, Civil Defence Organisations, Medical Personnel, Civilian Hospitals And Medical Units
    • 5. The Protection Of Public Health And Hygiene
    • 6. The Prohibition On Requisitioning Relief Supplies, And Immovable Property Belonging To Relief Societies Etc.
    • 7. Rationales For Applying International Human Rights Law Of Economic, Social And Cultural Nature In Occupied Territories
    • 8. Derogation From Economic, Social And Cultural Rights
    • 9. Conclusion
  • IHL-based rights of women and children in occupied territories (375-392)   (112K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Ihl Treaty-Based Rights Of Women In Occupied Territory
    • 3. Rights Of Children In Occupied Territory
    • 4. Conclusion
  • Other specific IHL-based rights of individual persons in occupied territory (393-398)   (57K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Respect For The Convictions And Religious Practices Of Civilians
    • 3. Th E Right To Apply To Protecting Powers And To The Red Cross Or To Other Humanitarian Organisations
    • 4. Conclusion
  • The relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law in occupied territories (399-438)   (199K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. The Applicability Of Human Rights During Armed Conflict
    • 2. Fundamental Differences Between International Human Rights Law And Ihl
    • 3. The Complementary Relationship Between Ihl And International Human Rights Law
    • 4. The Threshold Of Derogation Clauses Under International Human Rights Law And The Applicability Of Common Article 3
    • 5. Advantage Of Relying On Ihl Rules In Assessing International Human Rights Law
    • 6. Ihl As Lex Specialis
    • 7. The Methodology Of Applying Ihl Rules By Human Rights Treaty Bodies
    • 8. The Methodology Of Expanding The Scope Of Application Of International Human Rights Law In Situations Of Occupation And Armed Conflict
    • 9. Kretzmers Mixed Model
    • 10. Fundamental Differences In The Underlying Rationales Of Ihl And International Human Rights Law Revisited
    • 11. Conclusion
  • The effective convergence between IHL and international human rights law in guaranteeing the right to life in situations of volatile occupation (439-458)   (115K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Guidelines Derived From The Basic Principles On The Use Of Force And Firearms By Law Enforcement Officials
    • 3. Criteria For Assessing The Legality Of Targeted Killing In Occupied Territory
    • 4. Proportionality Assessment Of The Right To Life In Situations Of Hostilities
    • 5. The Methodology Of Incorporating Subtests Of Proportionality Developed In The Context Of International Human Rights Law Into The Appraisal Of Conduct Of Hostilities
    • 6. Procedural Requirements For Targeted Killings
    • 7. Conclusion
  • The expanding catalogue of human rights of non-derogable nature (459-482)   (121K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Article 4 Of The Iccpr
    • 3. General Comment No. 29 Of The Human Rights Committee
    • 4. The Expanded Catalogue Of Non-Derogable Rights Under General Comment No. 29
    • 5. Other Non-Derogable Rights Identifi Ed By The Human Rights Committee
    • 6. Conclusion
  • Procedural safeguards and fair trial guarantees in occupied territory (483-548)   (278K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Assigned Residence And Internment/Administrative Detention
    • 3. General Principles Governing Internment/Administrative Detention Of Individual Persons In Occupied Territory
    • 4. Procedural Safeguards Th At Are Expressly Recognised In Ihl Treaties
    • 5. Procedural Safeguards Th At Need To Be Supplemented By The Practice Of International Human Rights Law
    • 6. Fair Trial Guarantees Of Accused Persons In Occupied Territory The Interplay Between Ihl And International Human Rights Law Disaggregated
    • 7. The Normative Status, And The Weight Of Evidence, Of The Documents And Case-Law Of International Human Rights Law In Ascertaining Customary Norms Concerning Fair Trial Guarantees
    • 8. The Elements Of The Rights Of The Accused, Which Are Expressly Contained In Article 75(4) Api
    • 9. The Elements Of The Rights Of The Accused, Which Are Implied From The General Terms Under Article 75(4) Api
    • 10. Conclusion
  • The extraterritorial application of international human rights law in occupied territory (549-582)   (172K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction: Extraterritorial Applicability Of International Human Rights Law In Occupied Territory
    • 2. The Meaning Of The Term Within Its Territory And Subject To Its Jurisdiction Under Article 2(1) Iccpr
    • 3. The Meaning Of The Term Within Their Jurisdiction Under Article 1 Echr
    • 4. Doctrinal Discourse On The Meaning Of The Words Within Its Territory And Subject To Its Jurisdiction"
    • 5. The Circumstances In Which The Extraterritorial Application Of International Human Rights Law Can Be Envisaged
    • 6. Conclusion
  • The applicability of the law of occupation to UN Peace Support Operations and UN Post-Conflict Administration (583-608)   (146K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Applicability Of Customary Ihl To The Un Peacekeeping Forces
    • 3. Can The Un Become Parties To Ihl Treaties?
    • 4. The Practice Of The United Nations And The Un Secretary-Generals Bulletin On Observance By United Nations Forces Of International Humanitarian Law
    • 5. Other Indices For The Applicability Of Ihl Rules To Un Forces
    • 6. The Distinction Between Enforcement Action And Non-Enforcement Action In Assessing The Applicability Of Ihl
    • 7. Consent As A Determining Factor?
    • 8. The Convention On The Safety Of The United Nations And Associated Personnel
    • 9. The Threshold For Determining Whether The Un Forces Have Become Parties To An Armed Conflict
    • 10. The Un Post-Confl Ict Administration And The Law Of Occupation
    • 11. Conclusion
  • The nature of customary international humanitarian law revisited (609-656)   (232K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Inquiries Into The Formation Of Customary International Law In General
    • 3. Methodology Of Ascertaining Customary Ihl
    • 4. The Relationship Between A Treaty-Based Norm And Customary Law
    • 5. Modern Vs. Traditional Understanding Of The Formation Of Customary International Law
    • 6. Apology And Utopia: Dealing With Koskenniemis Critique Of Legal Argumentations
    • 7. Evaluations Of Koskenniemis Argumentation
    • 8. Dworkins Interpretative Th Eory
    • 9. The Sliding Scale Conceptualisation Of Custom
    • 10. Anthea Roberts Proposal To Balance Fit And Substance In Rawls' Reflective Methodology
    • 11. Conclusion
  • Identifying customary IHL in occupied territories on the basis of its interplay with customary international human rights law (657-668)   (78K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Proposed Framework Of Customary Ihl Relating To Fundamental Guarantees In Occupied Territories
    • 3. The Process Of Ascertaining Customary Ihl In The Interaction With Customary International Human Rights Law
    • 4. Distinct Variables In The Context Of The Law Of Occupation
    • 5. Conclusion
  • The table of case-law (Alphabetical) (669-685)   (101K)
  • The table of case-law (Chronological) (686-702)   (107K)
  • Table of treaties and other major international instruments (703-708)   (62K)
  • Bibliography (709-740)   (180K)
    • Aller directement à paragraphe:
    • I. Books
    • II. Articles & Book Chapters
    • III. Other Sources
  • Index (741-760)   (98K)