WTO - Trade in Goods

Contents

- Preliminary Material (i-xl) (718K)
  - Jump to section:
  - Contents
  - Preface To The Series
  - Preface To This Volume
  - User’s Guide
  - List Of Contributors
  - Table Of Abbreviations And Acronyms
  - General Bibliography
- History Of The General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade (1-24) by Jackson (957K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. Introduction
  - B. Policy Objectives Of The GATT
  - C. GATT Origins And Birth Defects
  - D. The GATT Fills The Vacuum
  - E. The Uruguay Round, WTO Creation, And The Relation To GATT 1947
  - F. Conclusion And Perspectives
- Introductory Note GATT 1994 (25-41) by Feichtner (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. The Incorporation Clause Of GATT 1994 (Para. 1)
  - C. Explanatory Notes (Para. 2)
  - D. Exemption From Application Of The Provisions Of Part II Of GATT (Para. 3)
- Preamble GATT (42-52) by Hestermeyer and Grotto (713K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Detailed Analysis
- General Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment (53-77) by Sacerdoti and Castren (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Structure Of Art. I
  - C. Interpretation Of Art. I:1
  - D. Exceptions To The MFN Principle
  - E. Relationship With Other Articles Of The GATT
  - F. Outlook
- Schedules Of Concessions (78-115) by Hahn (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Bound Tariffs: Members’ Schedules Of Tariff Concessions
  - C. Ceilings For “Ordinary Custom Duties” And “Other Duties And Charges” (Art. II:1)
  - D. Exempted Charges And Levies (Art. II:2)
  - E. Anti-Circumvention Provisions (Art. II:3–6)
  - F. Schedules As Part Of The GATT (Art. II:7)
- National Treatment On Internal Taxation And Regulation (116-165) by Hestermeyer (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Historical Background
  - C. Scope Of Application: Internal Measures
  - D. Structure Of Art. III
  - E. General Principle: Avoiding Internal Protectionism (Art. III:1)
  - F. Internal Taxes Or Other Internal Charges (Art. III:2)
  - G. Laws, Regulations, Requirements (Art. III:4)
  - H. Internal Quantitative Regulations (Art. III:5)
  - I. Exceptions (Art. III:8)
  - J. Internal Maximum Price Controls (Art. III:9)
  - K. Exception For Exposed Cinematograph Films (Art. III:10)
  - L. Relationship To Other Provisions
  - M. Outlook/Evaluation
- Special Provisions Relating To Cinematograph Films (166-182) by Ehring (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Scope Of Application—Definitions
  - C. Nature Of Art. IV, Exceptions And Burden Of Proof
  - D. Basic Obligation (Introductory Sentence)
  - E. National Treatment Departure (Art. IV Lit. A)
  - F. Most-Favoured-Nation Obligation And Exception (Art. IV Lits B And C)
  - G. Mandate For Negotiations (Art. IV Lit. D)
  - H. Relationship With Other Provisions
- Freedom Of Transit (183-194) by Valles (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Negotiating History
  - C. Scope And Coverage Of Art. V
  - D. Relationship With Other Articles
  - E. Evaluation And Outlook
- Anti-Dumping And Countervailing Duties (195-216) by Adamantopoulos (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Preliminary Remarks
  - C. Paragraph-By-Paragraph Analysis
  - D. Relationship With Other GATT Articles
- Valuation For Customs Purposes (217-233) by Trujillo (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Historical Background
  - C. Scope Of Application
  - D. Structure Of Art. VII
  - E. Implementation (Art. VII:1)
  - F. Determination Of “Actual Value” (Art. VII:2, 3)
  - G. Currency Conversion (Art. VII:4)
  - H. Transparency And Stability (Art. VII:5)
  - I. Relationship With Other Provisions
- Fees And Formalities Connected With Importation And Exportation (234-247) by Hartmann (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Art. VIII:1
  - C. Review (Art. VIII:2)
  - D. Penalties (Art. VIII:3)
  - E. Scope (Art. VIII:4)
  - F. Interpretative Notes
  - G. Burden Of Proof
  - H. Evaluation And Outlook
- Marks Of Origin (248-260) by Ziegler and Gratton (745K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. Introduction To The Concept
  - B. Basic Principles
  - C. Specific Principles
  - D. Cooperation Between Members And Origin Of Products
  - E. Outlook/Evaluation
- Publication And Administration Of Trade Regulations (261-280) by Bohanes and Nottage (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Prompt Publication Of Trade Regulations (Art. X:1)
  - C. Official Publication Prior To Enforcement (Art. X:2)
  - D. Uniform, Impartial And Reasonable Administration As Well As Review Procedures (Art. X:3)
  - E. Relationship With Other Provisions And Judicial Economy
  - F. Evaluation And Outlook
- General Elimination Of Quantitative Restrictions (281-295) by Wolfrum (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Art. XI:1—Elimination Of Non-Tariff Barriers To Trade
  - D. Measures Undertaken By Non-Governmental Entities
  - E. Exceptions To The Prohibition Of Non-Tariff Barriers To Trade
  - F. Relationship Between Arts XI And III
  - G. Relationship Between Art. XI:1 And Art. 2 SPS And Art. 2 TBT Agreement
  - H. Evaluation And Outlook
- Restrictions To Safeguard The Balance Of Payments (296-316) by Horlick and Dubeck (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Historical Development And Economic Background
  - C. General Regulatory Framework
  - D. Substantive Law (Arts XII:1–3)
  - E. Consultations (Arts XII:4–5; Paras 5–13 Bop Understanding)
  - F. Dispute Settlement (Art. XII:5 GATT)
  - G. Evaluation And Outlook
- Non-Discriminatory Administration Of Quantitative Restrictions (317-341) by Hestermeyer and Weiss (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Historical Background
  - C. Structure Of The Provision
  - D. Interpretation Of The Provision
  - E. Relationship With Other Provisions
- Exceptions To The Rule Of Non-Discrimination (342-351) by Mitchell and Sheargold (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Substantive Requirements Of Art. XIV
- Exchange Agreements (352-364) by Mitchell and Sheargold (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Structure Of The Article
  - C. Co-Operation And Co-Ordination Between The WTO And The IMF (Art. XV:1–3)
  - D. The Use Of Exchange Action And Trade Action (Art. XV:4–5)
  - E. Special Exchange Agreements (Art. XV:6–7)
  - F. Furnishing Information (Art. XV:8)
  - G. Exchange Controls And Restrictions (Art. XV:9)
- Subsidies (365-385) by Baetens and Hestermeyer (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Historical Background
  - C. Structure Of The Provision
  - D. Detailed Analysis
  - E. Relationship With Other Provisions
  - F. Outlook And Evaluation
- State Trading Enterprises (386-400) by Voon (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Definition Of State Trading Enterprises
  - C. Substantive Obligations Regarding State Trading Enterprises
  - D. Negotiations Regarding State Trading Enterprises
  - Е. Notifications Of State Trading Enterprises
- Governmental Assistance To Economic Development (401-443) by Jessen (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - Α. Historical Development
  - B. Purpose And Structure Of The Provision
  - C. Interpretation Of The Provision
  - D. Evaluation And Outlook
- Emergency Action On Imports Of Particular Products (444-454) by Bourgeois and Wagner (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Suspension, Withdrawal, Or Modification of Obligation
  - C. Advance Notice (Art. XIX:2)
  - D. Compensation And Retaliation (Art. XIX:3)
  - E. Emergency Nature Of The Measure
  - F. Outlook
- General Exceptions [Introduction] (455-463) by Wolfrum (944K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Structure
  - C. “Necessity” And “Related” Tests
- General Exceptions [Chapeau] (464-478) by Wolfrum (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Interpretative Development Of The Normative Concept
  - D. Textual Interpretation
- Lit. A. (479-496) by Wenzel (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Interpretation
  - D. Lit. A In Perspective: Core Labour Standards And Human Rights Standards As Prescriptions Of An International Public Morality
- Lit. B. (497-523) by Stoll and Strack (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Interpretation
  - D. Extraterritoriality And Jurisdictional Limitations
  - E. Relationship With International Standards And Agreements
  - F. Procedural Issues
  - G. Relationship With Other Articles
- Lit. C. (524-526) by Matz-Lück (742K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Interpretation
- Lit. D. (527-536) by Reyes-Knoche and Arend (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Interpretation
- Lit. E. (537-539) by Wenzel (742K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Interpretation
- Lit. F. (540-543) by Matz-Lück (745K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Cultural Property—State Sovereignty And Relevant International Instruments
  - C. Interpretation
- Lit. G. (544-559) by Matz-Lück and Wolfrum (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Legislative History
  - C. Interpretation
  - D. Art. XX Lit. G And The Trade And Environment Issue
- Lit. H. (560-563) by Matz-Lück (745K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Commodity Agreements: Development and Current Relevance
  - C. Significance And Interpretation
- Lit. I. (564-566) by Matz-Lück (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Balancing Of Interests
  - C. Relevance And Interpretation
- Lit. J. (567-568) by Matz-Lück (739K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Interpretation And Relevance
- Security Exceptions (569-593) by Hestermeyer (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Structure Of The Provision
  - D. Nothing In This Agreement Shall Be Construed
  - E. Security Exceptions (Lits A And B)
  - F. Relationship With The UN Charter (Lit. C)
  - G. Procedure
  - H. Relationship With General International Law
  - I. Outlook/Evaluation
- Consultation (594-597) by Schorkopf (721K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Consultations Under GATT 1994
- Nullification Or Impairment (598-615) by Stoll (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Historical Development
  - C. Scope Of Application And Relationship With The Dsu
  - D. Admissible Matters For Dispute Settlement Under GATT 1994 (Art. XXIII:1)
  - E. Written Representations Or Proposals To The Other Member And Sympathetic Consideration (Art. XXIII:1, Sentences 1, Last Part, And 2)
  - F. Procedure And Suspension Of Concessions (Art. XXIII:2)
  - G. Evaluation And Outlook
- Territorial Application—Frontier Traffic—Customs Unions And Free-Trade Areas (616-661) by Tevini (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. Art. XXIV GATT
  - B. Understanding On The Interpretation Of Article XXIV GATT 1994
- Joint Action By The Contracting Parties (662-679) by Forlati (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. Historical Development And Overview
  - B. The Meetings Of The Contracting Parties (Art. XXV:1)
  - C. The First Meeting Of The Contracting Parties (Art. XXV:2)
  - D. The One-Contracting Party-One-Vote Rule (Art. XXV:3)
  - E. Decision-Making (Art. XXV:4)
  - F. Waivers (Art. XXV:5)
  - G. Evaluation And Outlook
- Acceptance, Entry Into Force And Registration (680-688) by Fabbricotti (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. “Date Of This Agreement” (Art. XXVI:1)
  - C. Acceptance, Entry Into Force, Deposit And Registration (Art. XXVI:2–7)
  - D. Becoming A Party To GATT By Succession (Art. XXVI:5 Lit. C)
  - E. Relationship To Other Provisions
  - F. Evaluation And Outlook
- Withholding Or Withdrawal Of Concessions (689-691) by Fabbricotti (714K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. Interpretation of the Provision
  - B. Practice Relating To Art. XXVII
  - C. Relationship To Other Provisions
- Modification Of Schedules (692-715) by Fabbricotti (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Historical Development
  - C. Structure Of The Provision And Overview Of Procedure
  - D. The Holders Of Rights
  - E. Modalities
  - F. The Role Of Reciprocity
  - G. Equivalent Level Of Concessions
  - H. The Impact Of MFN Treatment
  - I. Relationship To Other GATT Provisions
  - J. Evaluation And Outlook
- Tariff Negotiations (716-734) by Fabbricotti (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Historical Development
  - C. Objectives (Art. XXVIII Bis:1–2)
  - D. The Conduct Of Negotiations (Art. XXVIII Bis:1, 3)
  - E. The “Rounds” (Art. XXVIII Bis:1)
  - F. Modalities (Art. XXVIII Bis:2 Lit. A)
  - G. Relationship To Other GATT Provisions
  - H. Evaluation And Outlook
- The Relation Of This Agreement To The Havana Charter (735-740) by Footer (781K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General Remarks
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Scope Of The Provision
- Amendments (741-745) by Footer (724K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General Remarks
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Scope Of The Provision
- Withdrawal (746-749) by Footer (714K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General Remarks
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Detailed Analysis
- Contracting Parties (750-752) by Footer (712K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General Remarks
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Scope Of The Provision
- Accession (753-759) by Footer (966K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General Remarks
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Scope Of The Provision
- Annexes (760-761) by Footer (709K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. Drafting History
  - B. Detailed Analysis
- Non-Application Of The Agreement Between Particular Contracting Parties (762-765) by Footer (746K)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General Remarks
  - B. Drafting History
  - C. Detailed Analysis
- Introduction To Part IV - Trade And Development (766-787) by Supachai (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. The Term “Developing Countries”
  - C. Committee On Trade And Development
  - D. “Enabling Clause”
  - E. Treatment Of Least-Developed Countries
  - F. Relationship Between Part IV And Other GATT Articles
  - G. Doha Work Programme
  - H. Evaluation And Prospects: Conclusions
- Principles And Objectives (788-807) by Zacharias (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Content Of The Norm
  - C. Evaluation And Outlook
- Commitments (808-825) by Zacharias (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. Structure Of The Provision
  - C. Obligations On Developed Countries (Art. XXXVII:1–3)
  - D. Trade Among Less-Developed Members (Art. XXXVII:4)
  - E. Consultation Over Disagreements (Art. XXXVII:5)
- Joint Action (826-836) by Zacharias (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - A. General
  - B. General Obligations (Art. XXXVIII:1)
  - C. Specifications (Art. XXXVIII:2)
  - D. Evaluation And Outlook
- Understandings (837-860) (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - Understanding On The Balance-Of-Payments Provisions Of The General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade 1994
  - Understanding In Respect Of Waivers Of Obligations Under The General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade 1994
- Agreement On Implementation Of Article VII Of The General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade 1994 (861-1030) (2M)
  - Jump to section:
  - Article 1
  - Article 2
  - Article 3
  - Article 4
  - Article 5
  - Article 6
  - Article 7
  - Article 8
  - Article 9
  - Article 10
  - Article 11
  - Article 12
  - Article 13
  - Article 14
  - Article 15
  - Article 16
  - Article 17
  - Article 18 Institutions
  - Article 19 Consultations And Dispute Settlement
  - Article 20
  - Article 21 Reservations
  - Article 22 National Legislation
  - Article 23 Review
  - Article 24 Secretariat
  - Annex I Interpretative Notes
  - Annex II Technical Committee On Customs Valuation
  - Annex III
- Agreement On Preshipment Inspection (1031-1100) (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - Article 1 Coverage—Definitions
  - Article 2 Obligations Of User Members
  - Article 3 Obligations Of Exporter Members
  - Article 4 Independent Review Procedures
  - Article 5 Notification
  - Article 6 Review
  - Article 7 Consultation
  - Article 8 Dispute Settlement
  - Article 9 Final Provisions
- Agreement On Rules Of Origin (1101-1154) (1M)
  - Jump to section:
  - Article 1 Rules Of Origin
  - Article 2 Disciplines During The Transition Period
  - Article 3 Disciplines After The Transition Period
  - Article 4 Institutions
  - Article 5 Information And Procedures For Modification And Introduction Of New Rules Of Origin
  - Article 6 Review
  - Article 7 Consultation
  - Article 8 Dispute Settlement
  - Article 9 Objectives And Principles
  - Annex I Technical Committee On Rules Of Origin
  - Annex II Common Declaration With Regard To Preferential Rules Of Origin
- Case Index (1155-1164) (665K)
- Index (1165-1228) (779K)
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  - A
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  - C
  - D
  - E
  - F
  - G
  - H
  - I
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  - K
  - L
  - M
  - N
  - O
  - P
  - Q
  - R
  - S
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  - U
  - V
  - W
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Book: WTO - Trade in Goods
Publication Year: 2009
Language: English
Edited by: R. Wolfrum, P.-T. Stoll and H. Hestermeyer
ISBN: 9789004145665
e-ISBN: 9789004180642
Subject: International Law
DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004145665.i-1228

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